VITAMINS
The Vitamins are necessary auxiliaries in metabolism. They combine with specific proteins, as parts of various oxidative enzyme systems which are concerned with the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat in the body. Thus, they are intimately involved in the mechanism which releases energy, carbon dioxide and water as the end products of metabolism.Vitamins can be broadly divided into Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins. Vitamins A D E and K are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B ( B1 B2 B6
B12 ) and C are water-soluble.
1.Vitamin - A
Year -1913 Name- Retinol
Main Metabolic Function
Essential for normal growth and development.For normal function of epithelical cells and normal development of teeth and bones.Prevents Night blindness.
Deficiency - Effects
Retarded growth.Reduced resistance to infection.Abnormal function of gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts due to altered epithelial membranes.Interferes with production of "night purple".
Available
Milk, Egg yolk, Ghee, Butter, Carrots, Tomatoes, Leafy and Yellow vegetables, Cod liver oil and Fresh fruits.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
2.Vitamin-B1
Year-1936 Name-Thiamin
Main Metabolic Function
An important aid in carbohydrate metabolism.Needed for Proper functioning of the digestive tract and nervous system.Beriberi.Loss of muscle.
Deficiency - Effects
Loss of appetite.Impaired digestion of starches and sugars.Various nervous disorder coordination.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
3.Vitamin - B2
Year-1935 Name-Riboflavin
Main Metabolic Function
Needed in formation of certain enzymes and in cellular oxidation.Prevents inflammation of oral mucous membranes and the tongue.
Deficiency - Effects
Impaired growth, lassitude and weakness.Causes cheillosis or glossittis.May result in Photophobia and cataracts.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
4.Vitamin - B6
Year -1934 Name-Pyridoxine
Main Metabolic Function
Acts as do other B vitamins.To break down protein, carbohydrate and fat.Acts as a catalyst in the formation of niacin from tryptophan.
Deficiency - Effects
Increased irritability, convulsions and peripheral neuritis.Anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
5.Vitamin - B12
Year -1948 Name-Cyanocobalamin
Main Metabolic Function
Essential for development of red blood cells.Required for maintenance of skin, nerve tissues, bone and muscles.
Deficiency - Effects
Results in pernicious anaemia.Weakness, fatigue, sore and cracked lips.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
6.Vitamin - C
Year -1919 Ascorbic Acid
Main Metabolic Function
Needed for form the cementing substance, collagen, in various tissues (skin, dentine, cartilage and bone matrix).Assists in woundhealing and bone fractures.
Deficiency - Effects
Lowered resistance to infections.Susceptibility to dental cavities, pyotthea and bleeding gums.Delayed wound healing.Specific treatment for Scurvy. Available
Fresh vegetables, Lemon, Orange, Tomatoes, Cabbage , Turnip and Lettuce (Beetroot).
Nature
Water-Soluble
7.Vitamin-C
Year -1925 Name-Cholecalciferol
Main Metabolic Function
Requlates absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract.Affords antiachitic activity.
Deficiency - Effects
Interferes with utilisation of calcium and phosphorus in bone and teeth formation.Development of bone disease, rickets and caries.
Available
Butter, Milk, Ghee, Cod liver oil, Yolk of Eggs and also in Sunrays.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
8.Vitamin - E
Year -1936 Name-Tocopherols
Main Metabolic Function
Protects tissues, cell membranes and Vitamin A against peroxidation.Helps strengthen red blood cells.
Deficiency - Effects
Decreased red blood cell resistance to rupture.
Available
Germinating Wheat.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
9.Vitamin - K
Year -1935 Name-Phytomenadione
Main Metabolic Function
Essential for formation of normal amounts of prothrombin and blood coagulation.
Deficiency - Effects
diminished blood clotting time.Increased incidence of hemorrhages.
Available
Fish, Wheat and Oats.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
The Vitamins are necessary auxiliaries in metabolism. They combine with specific proteins, as parts of various oxidative enzyme systems which are concerned with the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat in the body. Thus, they are intimately involved in the mechanism which releases energy, carbon dioxide and water as the end products of metabolism.Vitamins can be broadly divided into Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins. Vitamins A D E and K are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B ( B1 B2 B6
B12 ) and C are water-soluble.
1.Vitamin - A
Year -1913 Name- Retinol
Main Metabolic Function
Essential for normal growth and development.For normal function of epithelical cells and normal development of teeth and bones.Prevents Night blindness.
Deficiency - Effects
Retarded growth.Reduced resistance to infection.Abnormal function of gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts due to altered epithelial membranes.Interferes with production of "night purple".
Available
Milk, Egg yolk, Ghee, Butter, Carrots, Tomatoes, Leafy and Yellow vegetables, Cod liver oil and Fresh fruits.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
2.Vitamin-B1
Year-1936 Name-Thiamin
Main Metabolic Function
An important aid in carbohydrate metabolism.Needed for Proper functioning of the digestive tract and nervous system.Beriberi.Loss of muscle.
Deficiency - Effects
Loss of appetite.Impaired digestion of starches and sugars.Various nervous disorder coordination.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
3.Vitamin - B2
Year-1935 Name-Riboflavin
Main Metabolic Function
Needed in formation of certain enzymes and in cellular oxidation.Prevents inflammation of oral mucous membranes and the tongue.
Deficiency - Effects
Impaired growth, lassitude and weakness.Causes cheillosis or glossittis.May result in Photophobia and cataracts.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
4.Vitamin - B6
Year -1934 Name-Pyridoxine
Main Metabolic Function
Acts as do other B vitamins.To break down protein, carbohydrate and fat.Acts as a catalyst in the formation of niacin from tryptophan.
Deficiency - Effects
Increased irritability, convulsions and peripheral neuritis.Anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
5.Vitamin - B12
Year -1948 Name-Cyanocobalamin
Main Metabolic Function
Essential for development of red blood cells.Required for maintenance of skin, nerve tissues, bone and muscles.
Deficiency - Effects
Results in pernicious anaemia.Weakness, fatigue, sore and cracked lips.
Available
Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature
Water-Soluble
6.Vitamin - C
Year -1919 Ascorbic Acid
Main Metabolic Function
Needed for form the cementing substance, collagen, in various tissues (skin, dentine, cartilage and bone matrix).Assists in woundhealing and bone fractures.
Deficiency - Effects
Lowered resistance to infections.Susceptibility to dental cavities, pyotthea and bleeding gums.Delayed wound healing.Specific treatment for Scurvy. Available
Fresh vegetables, Lemon, Orange, Tomatoes, Cabbage , Turnip and Lettuce (Beetroot).
Nature
Water-Soluble
7.Vitamin-C
Year -1925 Name-Cholecalciferol
Main Metabolic Function
Requlates absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract.Affords antiachitic activity.
Deficiency - Effects
Interferes with utilisation of calcium and phosphorus in bone and teeth formation.Development of bone disease, rickets and caries.
Available
Butter, Milk, Ghee, Cod liver oil, Yolk of Eggs and also in Sunrays.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
8.Vitamin - E
Year -1936 Name-Tocopherols
Main Metabolic Function
Protects tissues, cell membranes and Vitamin A against peroxidation.Helps strengthen red blood cells.
Deficiency - Effects
Decreased red blood cell resistance to rupture.
Available
Germinating Wheat.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
9.Vitamin - K
Year -1935 Name-Phytomenadione
Main Metabolic Function
Essential for formation of normal amounts of prothrombin and blood coagulation.
Deficiency - Effects
diminished blood clotting time.Increased incidence of hemorrhages.
Available
Fish, Wheat and Oats.
Nature
Fat-Soluble
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