Five years plan

Five Year Plans
1First Plan (1951 - 56)It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
Community Development Program was launched in 1952.
Emphasized on agriculture, price stability, power & transport.
It was more than a success, because of good harvests in the last two years.
2Second Plan (1956 - 61)Also called Mahalanobis Plan after its chief architect.
Its objective was rapid industrialization.
Advocated huge imports which led to emptying of funds leading to foreign loans. It shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to industry far too soon. During this plan, price level increased by 30%, against a decline of 13% during the First Plan.
3Third Plan (1961 - 66)At its conception time, it was felt that Indian economy has entered a take-off stage. Therefore, its aim was to make India a 'self-reliant' and 'self-generating' economy.
Also, it was realized from the experience of first two plans that agriculture should be given the top priority to suffice the requirement of export and industry.
Complete failure due to unforeseen misfortunes, viz. Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severest drought in 100 years (1965-66).
4Three Annual Plans (1966-69)Plan holiday for 3years. The prevailing crisis in agriculture and serious food shortage necessitated the emhasis on agriculture during the Annual Plans.
During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy involving wide-spread distribution of High-Yielding Varieties of seeds, the extensive use of fertilizers, exploitation of irrigation potential and soil conservation was put into action to tide-over the crisis in agricultural production.
During the Annual Plans, the economy basically absorbed the shocks given during the Third Plan, making way for a planned growth.
5Fourth Plan (1969 - 74)Main emphasis on agriculture's growth rate so that a chain reaction can start.
Fared well in the first two years with record production, last three years failure because of poor monsoon.
Had to tackle the influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak war.
6Fifth Plan(1974-79)The fifth plan prepared and launched by D.D. Dhar proposed to achieve two main objectives viz, 'removal of poverty' (Garibi Hatao) and 'attainment of self reliance', through promotion of high rate of growth, better distribution of income and a very significant growth in the domestic rate of savings.
The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Govt.came to power.
7Rolling Plan (1978 - 80)There were 2 Sixth Plans. One by Janta Govt. (for 78-83) which was in operation for 2 years only and the other by the Congress Govt. when it returned to power in 1980.
8Sixth Plan (1980 - 85)Objectives: Increase in national income, modernization of technology, ensuring continuous decrease in poverty and unemployment, population control through family planning, etc.
9Seventh Plan (1985 - 90)The Seventh plan emphasized policies and programs which aimed at rapid growth in food-grains production, increased employment opportunities and productivity within the framework of basic tenants of planning.
It was a great success, the economy recorded 6% growth rate against the targeted 5%.
10Eighth Plan (1992 - 97)The eighth plan was postponed by two years because of political upheavals at the Centre and it was launched after a worsening Balance of Payment position and inflation during 1990-91.
The plan undertook various drastic policy measures to combat the bad economic situation and to undertake an annual average growth of 5.6%
Some of the main economic performances during eighth plan period were rapid economic growth, high growth of agriculture and allied sector, and manufacturing sector, growth in exports and imports, improvement in trade and current account deficit.
11Ninth Plan (1997- 2002)It was developed in the context of four important dimensions: Quality of life, generation of productive employment, regional balance and self-reliance.
12Tenth Plan (2002 - 2007)To achieve the growth rate of GDP @ 8%.
Reduction of poverty ratio to 20% by 2007 and to 10% by 2012.
Providing gainful high quality employment to the addition to the labour force over the tenth plan period.
Universal access to primary education by 2007.
Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by atleast 50% by 2007.
Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%.
Increase in literacy rate to 72% within the plan period and to 80% by 2012.
Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by 2012.
Increase in forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007 and 33% by 2012.
All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water by 2012.
Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by 2012.


Growth During Five Year Plans
PlanTargetActual
First Plan (1951 - 56)2.9%3.6%
Second Plan (1956 - 61)4.5%4.3%
Third Plan (1961 - 66)5.6%2.8%
Fourth Plan (1969 - 1974)5.7%3.3%
Fifth Plan (1974 - 79)4.4%4.8%
Sixth Plan (1980 - 85)5.2%6.0%
Seventh Plan (1985 - 90)5.0%6.0%
Eighth Plan (1992 - 97)5.6%6.8%
Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002)6.5%5.4%
Tenth Plan (2002 - 2007)8.0%


Important Antipoverty Employment Generation Programs
1Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGRY)Started on April 1, 1999. It has replaced the following programs:
Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) : Started in 1978 - 79).
Training Rural Youth for Self -Employment (TRYSEM): Started in 1978-79.
Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA): Started in 1978 -79.
Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY): Started in 1997.
Million Wells Scheme (MWS): Started in 1989.
Supply of Improved Tool-kits to Rural Artisans (SITRA).
The yojana takes into account all the strengths and weaknesses of the earlier self-employment programs.
Every assisted family will be brought above the poverty line. It is proposed to cover 30% of the rural poor in each block. To Target at atleast 50% Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 40% women and 3% disabled.
2Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)It was introduced in 2000-01 with the objective of focusing on village level development in five critical areas I.e., primary health, primary education, housing, rural roads and drinking water and nutrition with the overall objective of improving the quality of life of people in rural areas. Rural electrification was added as an additional component from 2001-02.
It has the following components:
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gramin Awas).
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Rural Drinking Water Project).
3Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)It was started on Sept. 25,2001, with the mergence of the Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and the Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY). Earlier Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, which started in 1989, was merged with Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana.
The objective of the program is to provide additional wage employment in rural areas and also to provide food security.
4Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)The SJSRY came into operation in Dec, 1997, through a restructuring and streamlining of the earlier urban poverty alleviation programs, the Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), the Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) and the Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty alleviation Program (PMIUPEP).
It seeks to provide employment to the urban employed or underemployed living below poverty line and educated up to IX standard through encouraging the setting up of self-employment ventures or provision of wage employment.
5Antyodaya Anna YojanaLaunched on Dec. 25,2000. The scheme aims at providing food security to poor families.
The scheme contemplates identification of 10 million 'poorest of the poor' families and providing the \m with 25kg of food grains per family per month at a low price of Rs.2 per Kg for wheat and Rs.3 per Kg for rice.
6Annapurna YojanaInaugurated on March 19, 1999.
Initially the scheme provided 10 kg food grains to senior citizens who were eligible fore old age pension but could not get it due to one reason or the other. Later on, it was extended to cover those people who get old age pensions.
Food grains are provided to the beneficiaries at subsidized rates of Rs.2 per kg of wheat and Rs.3 per kg of rice